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Only 65,000 H-1B visas exist per year! This is what decides it - Jeff Joseph

TruthWorks · 2026-08-25 · 37 min

0:00--:--

Key moments - from our scoring

Substance score

62 / 100

Five dimensions, 20 points each

Insight Density13 / 20
Originality11 / 20
Guest Caliber15 / 20
Specificity & Evidence12 / 20
Conversational Craft11 / 20

Immigration attorney Jeff Joseph examines the structural challenges in the U.S. immigration system, particularly the fixed 65,000 H-1B visa cap that creates a bottleneck for employers across all industries. With demand far exceeding supply, the visa has effectively become a lottery - one where wage thresholds now determine selection odds, putting smaller companies, nonprofits, and rural employers at a disadvantage. Joseph discusses policy shifts under the current administration that have restricted optional practical training and student duration-of-status, narrowing the pipeline from international students to H-1B holders. He contrasts this with how forward-thinking HR leaders - like Patty McCord at Netflix - treated immigration sponsorship as a retention strategy and competitive advantage rather than a compliance checkbox. Joseph advocates for replacing arbitrary caps with data-driven allocation based on Bureau of Labor Statistics granular local labor market data, allowing visa distribution to match actual regional economic needs in Silicon Valley versus rural Colorado.

Key takeaways

  • →The H-1B visa cap of 65,000 has remained static for decades and functions as a lottery system where wage thresholds now determine selection odds, disadvantaging smaller businesses and nonprofits.
  • →Recent policy changes restricting international student duration-of-status and optional practical training have narrowed the traditional pipeline of foreign talent into H-1B positions, particularly hurting entry-level hiring.
  • →Companies that treat immigration sponsorship as a retention benefit and invest in proactive, immigrant-friendly policies - like premium processing and dependent sponsorship - gain competitive talent advantages.
  • →Congress is unlikely to change the 65,000 cap due to immigration's political utility in campaigns, making statutory reform a 'pipe dream' despite 30 years of advocacy.
  • →Data-driven visa allocation using Bureau of Labor Statistics local labor market analysis would better match regional economic needs than current arbitrary, one-size-fits-all immigration policy.

Guests

Jeff Joseph

Topics in this episode

Bureau of Labor StatisticsH-1B visa capoptional practical training (OPT)F-1 student visaduration of statusgreen card sponsorshipL-1 visaimmigration lotterywage-based selectionpremium processing

Questions this episode answers

How many H-1B visas are available per year and why is that a problem?

Only 65,000 H-1B visas are available annually, while demand for foreign labor in specialized fields is far higher, creating a lottery system. Recent wage-threshold changes mean higher-paying companies have better odds, disadvantaging smaller employers and nonprofits.

What changes have made it harder for international students to stay and work in the U.S.?

New restrictions have cut student duration-of-status from indefinite (as long as maintaining enrollment) to four years, reduced grace periods from standard to 30 days, and limited optional practical training, forcing students to leave or change plans more quickly.

Why is it unlikely Congress will increase the H-1B cap?

Immigration policy is used as a political wedge issue by both parties in campaigns, removing incentive for Congress to solve the problem legislatively, so changes must come through executive orders instead.

What visa strategies can companies use to retain immigrant talent if H-1B selection fails?

Companies can sponsor dependents, cover premium processing costs, pursue alternative visas like L-1 transfers, and initiate green card sponsorship immediately - treating immigration as a retention benefit rather than a one-time compliance task.

What would be a better approach to allocating immigration visas than the current system?

Using granular Bureau of Labor Statistics data to allocate visas by region and sector - more H-1Bs for high-demand tech hubs like Silicon Valley, more agricultural visas for rural areas - would match visa distribution to actual economic needs.

What our scoring noted

Our reviewer’s read on each dimension, with quotes from the episode.

Insight Density

13 / 20

The episode provides substantive information about H-1B visa policy mechanics, the 65,000 cap, wage-based selection changes, and student pipeline restrictions that would be new to many HR practitioners. However, significant portions consist of backstory, sponsorship messaging, and general motivational content that dilute the substance-to-time ratio. The core immigration policy insights are solid but not densely packed throughout.

there's only 65,000 of those visas available every year. And the demand for foreign labor is way, way higher than 65,000. Right. So it's not so much a demand issue, it's a, uh, you know, it's a luck issue.
This new rule truncates that to four years. And so you don't get duration of status anymore. It, it cuts the grace period down to 30 days.

Originality

11 / 20

While the episode covers H-1B mechanics competently, it relies heavily on established policy frameworks and conventional HR wisdom (treat immigration as a benefit, make it a positive employee experience). The Manifest Law business model itself - AI-native law firm, flat hierarchy, shared ownership - is somewhat novel but the immigration policy analysis lacks contrarian or first-principles thinking. Most conclusions are pragmatic rather than surprising.

immigration is more tied to economics than politics. You know, it really is about where we have needs in our economy and where we have a gap of US Workers
most foreign nationals going through this process see immigration as one of their benefits. Just like retirement and health insurance.

Guest Caliber

15 / 20

Jeff Joseph is a highly credible guest with 30 years of immigration law experience, senior positions at major firms, and now Head of Legal at Manifest Law. He is a genuine practitioner with scale experience. However, his seniority in immigration law doesn't automatically make him a B2B operator with expertise across multiple business functions, and the episode is partially structured as a Manifest sponsorship, which somewhat compromises guest objectivity.

I've been incredibly blessed to have found this career
So we built out, uh, a full service immigration

Specificity & Evidence

12 / 20

The episode includes concrete details: the 65,000 H-1B cap, the four-year student status limit, 30-day grace period cut, and mentions of specific visa categories (O-1, EB-1, L-1). However, there are minimal named company examples outside Netflix (mentioned briefly by the host), few specific metrics or data points beyond visa numbers, and limited concrete timelines or dollar figures. Much discussion remains at the policy level rather than grounded in specific business outcomes.

there's only 65,000 of those visas available every year
This new rule truncates that to four years. And so you don't get duration of status anymore. It, it cuts the grace period down to 30 days.

Conversational Craft

11 / 20

The host asks reasonable follow-up questions and demonstrates genuine knowledge from her HR background at Netflix, which enables better dialogue. However, the conversation often affirms rather than challenges - there are few moments of productive push-back, and the interview structure feels designed more to showcase Manifest's value proposition (given sponsorship) than to rigorously probe claims or create tension. Some questions are softball and the host frequently validates rather than interrogates.

Right. So if you're a student here and, uh, overseas and you're studying, you don't get as long to kind of figure out your situation after you graduate. Um, Right. Essentially is. Is what it is. Like you pretty much have to leave.
Well, yeah, and that makes perfect sense. Is there, uh, a desire to do that or. Not really.

Conversation analysis

Computed from the transcript - who did the talking, and the words that came up most.

Share of words spoken

  • Speaker A60%
  • Speaker B40%
  • Speaker C1%

Most-used words

immigration52manifest17experience13lawyer12human12cases12firm12different10process10employers8talent8adapt8started8show8thank8career8

Episode notes

For 30 years, Jeff Joseph has been one of the most influential lawyers in American immigration law - and he just joined Manifest Law, the AI-native immigration firm, as President of Immigration Strategy. On this episode, Jessica Neal sits down with him for a rare, no-spin look at how U.S. immigration actually works, who it works for, and why almost nothing about it has changed in decades. Jeff is the 79th President of the American Immigration Lawyers Association (AILA), the 18,000-member bar association for immigration attorneys. Before Manifest, he was a Partner at Berry Appleman & Leiden, where his litigation reshaped the rules employers hire under - including beating the State Department's COVID-era visa ban and the Department of Labor's H-1B wage rule. Jeff traces his path from a debate-team kid inspired by "To Kill a Mockingbird" to a public defender, to building a 25-year immigration practice with his wife, to leading strategy at a company betting AI can fix what Congress won't touch.

Full transcript

37 min

Transcribed and scored by The B2B Podcast Index.

Speaker A: Employers have always relied on that pipeline of talent, you know, and especially in engineering and tech, a lot of the foreign students are the ones that are studying in those fields. And so, you know, it'll be interesting to see how employers adapt. They do. Employers adapt. But we'll see how it impacts and plays off downstream.

Speaker B: What would happen if we just told the truth?

Speaker C: Welcome to truthworks, where we dig into the nitty gritty of leadership and work

Speaker B: and what needs to change. I'm Jessica Neal.

Speaker C: And I'm Patty McCord.

Speaker B: Our journey together started in HR, but trust us, uh, it's evolved into something wild, honest, and, well, a bit rebellious.

Speaker C: So throw out the handbook. We're here to redefine rules to work for us, not against us.

Speaker B: Let's dive into another episod. Hi, everyone. Welcome to another episode of Truth Works. I'm your host, Jessica Neal, and I'm flying solo today. But that's okay, because I want my guest all to myself today. I have Jeff Joseph here, and Jeff actually is, I guess you could say, just started at a company that we have talked to on the show before. We had the founder of this company come on. His name is Dan, and the company is Manifest Os. But I'm excited to say that Manifestos is now a sponsor of truthworks, which is just. I don't know, I. My little. My little podcast entrepreneur hat. I'm, um, just very proud of the show, and I'm very proud that people want to be part of it and sponsor it. And I have to thank you, listeners. It's. It's because of you that they want to. So thank you and, Jeff, thank you, and, um, welcome to the show, and thank you for joining Manifest. I want to talk all about it. How are you today?

Speaker A: I'm awesome. I am six weeks in at Manifest, and I have to tell you, we're super happy to sponsor your program. I think the message that you're getting out is very important for the community, so we're happy to do it, and I'm really happy to be here to talk to you today.

Speaker B: Yay. Yay. Well, good. Okay, and enough about how great we are at truthworks. I want to talk about how great you are. So, uh, I wanted, like, before we get into, like, all things manifest, I want to talk about your career, because you've actually had a pretty spectacular career, and you've accomplished a lot of things, and probably in a field that folks don't. Don't really think about until they need to think about it, right? And that is in immigration And I want to know, kind of go back in time, like, what. What drew you to this? How did it all happen? Because you. You got pretty, pretty far up there at some of these bigger law firms.

Speaker A: Thank you. Yeah, no, I've been incredibly blessed to have found this career. I was one of those kids who was not very athletic, but I could argue my way to any sort of victory. And so I kind of knew early on that I had the skill set to be a lawyer. I remember reading To Kill a Mockingbird and that sort of sealing the deal for me that I knew not only that I wanted to be a lawyer, but I wanted to be that sort of humanitarian civil rights lawyer. And so, uh, when I, you know, did really well in high school debate and got a debate scholarship in college, and so the writing was on the wall for me. Um, when I got to law school, I quickly sort of searched down human rights internships, and, you know, I didn't get into the schools that have big human rights programs, but I did. I was able to find some work doing asylum cases for. And at that time, it was mainly people fleeing the former Soviet Union. So a lot of Orthodox Christians and Orthodox Jews, LGBTQ people who were, you know, persecuted under that regime. And now we were filing their asylum cases. So I did a little bit of that work in college, in law school, and then when I graduated law school, got a job with a corporate immigration firm. But I spoke Spanish and had a little bit of trial experience. So within that corporate immigration firm, I started building out a little removal defense family practice, and within a year and a half, was very successful in that practice. And so my wife and I started our own law practice and worked together for 25 years. So we built out, uh, a full service immigration.

Speaker B: You worked with your wife? I didn't know that I did.

Speaker A: We, uh, met in law school.

Speaker B: Okay.

Speaker A: Yeah.

Speaker B: Well, that takes a special relationship to be able to spend that much time together.

Speaker A: Yeah. I mean, so my immigration story's a love story, too, because we were both public defenders at the time in law school. And the way that that system works is if a spot comes up anywhere in the state, you take it or you go to the bottom of the list. And so we were engaged, about to be married, and had the prospect of being on two different parts of the state. And so I was like, I'm going to take an immigration job so that I can avoid that. So immigration was sort of happenstance, but in many ways, that happenstance sort of formed the basis of my career.

Speaker B: Yeah, that's Amazing. And so, you know, you sort of having this kind of desire as a kid, you got inspired by To Kill a Mockingbird and human rights. And then, you know, you fall in love, you take this immigration job so you don't have to be away from the woman you want to spend the rest of your life with. But what about the immigration sort of drew you in because you've stayed in it for your entire career. Did it fulfill something on that human rights sort of aspect of things?

Speaker A: It did. I mean, you know, most people think of immigration as a border issue, but it's so much larger than that. It really touches on every corner of our economy, uh, the way we live our lives, migration, uh, patterns, a whole bunch of things touch on immigration policy. And so, you know, I've had the experience of working in it. And the thing that I think drives me and keeps me coming at it is behind all of the policy, behind all the forms, behind all the cases, there's always a human. And for that particular human being, this journey, this immigration journey is one of the most important things that they do in their lives. And that's something that, you know, when you're born in a country and you live in a country your whole life, you don't. That's not something you can understand that how important the immigration journey is for somebody going through it.

Speaker B: Yeah, for sure. And it is. The policy is changing all the time. Like, you know, it depends on who's in office and what have you. But, you know, there's always a new something that makes the process either less complicated or more complicated. And it's really hard to navigate if you don't have someone like you.

Speaker A: Yeah. Immigration is really interesting because it's a creature of the law. Right. Congress created the Immigration and Nationality act, but immigration is also a political wedge that can be used in campaigns from both sides, the Republicans and the Democrats. And so there's not a lot of motivation to solve immigration through Congress when it can be used in political campaigns. Right. So what we see is administrations coming in, Democrats and Republican administrations coming in, and they have to do the work through executive orders by necessity. Right. Because Congress isn't changing the law.

Speaker B: Today's show is sponsored by Manifest Law. From startups to scale ups to enterprise. Manifest Law is the AI Native immigration law firm. Just think about that. AI Native immigration law firm. Come on, this is great. There is no such thing, but there is Manifest Law and they have all of your immigration needs handled. It's real time visibility, it's fast filings, it's in over 40 countries. And did I mention the AI? It's got an AI enabled workflows, a uh, tech forward experience and straightforward pricing. So if you are in HR and you are doing a lot of immigration, manifest law is the solution for you. If I was running HR guys, I'd be getting it. All right, go out there and check it out. And so as an immigration lawyer, I would imagine that, you know, sort of you have to play a, uh, completely bipartisan role because it's, it's not about the pol, you know, the executive, you know, that's in office or whoever. That is really about the person that you're trying to help and you're trying to help them navigate this system. Right.

Speaker A: I mean, I think, you know, regardless of the politics, you know, you have to be able to maneuver, know the policies, know the regulations, know the, you know, how it happens in order to effectively guide clients. I would actually say that immigration is more tied to economics than politics. You know, it really is about where we have needs in our economy and where we have a gap of US Workers or workers that can't do the job. Most of the immigration system is set up to screen such that you're not replacing U.S. workers. So to me, it's much more tied into what we need and where the gaps are in our economy that aren't being filled by U.S. workers.

Speaker B: Yeah, well, let's talk about that because that's kind of interesting. So what are you seeing right now? Because, you know, uh, from a hiring perspective, many of us are in the, you know, a lot of us work with technology and in Silicon Valley, but I think listeners have jobs that are all over the world in all different types of industries. But what are you seeing from a labor perspective in the U.S. like, where's the demand? Is it still primarily technology and bringing in that expertise, or are you seeing it in other fields as well?

Speaker A: We're seeing it across the board. I mean, I think obviously we're seeing it in technology, AI, you know, those kind of industries will always have the need because they're so rare, rapidly growing and advancing. It's hard to see it, to talk about it in terms of demand really in immigration, because the truth is, the visa that we rely on most for those type of jobs is what we call the H1B visas, which is for highly specialized jobs. But it's hard to talk about it in terms of demand because there's only 65,000 of those visas available every year. And the demand for foreign labor is way, way higher than 65,000. Right. So it's not so much a demand issue, it's a, uh, you know, it's a luck issue. It's who gets, you know, who. A. One of the things that changed this year is that the higher wages you pay, the more of a chance you have of getting one of those 65,000 number. So one of the things that's happening in the industry now is the bigger you are, the bigger of a company you are, and the more able you are to pay the wage, the higher your chances of selection, which is great unless you're a small business or a nonprofit or a rural hospital or, you know, something like that that can't afford those wages. So that's, you know, one of the things we're see seeing is that smaller businesses, uh, are being disparately impacted by this new wage rule. We also see sort of a pipeline issue from student to H1B, right. Where there's a lot more restrictions against students now with cutting off duration of status and getting rid of optional practical training. That. That's usually the pipeline that companies use to bring in workers.

Speaker B: Right. So if you're a student here from, uh, overseas and you're studying, you don't get as long to kind of figure out your situation after you graduate. Um, Right. Essentially is. Is what it is. Like you pretty much have to leave.

Speaker A: Yeah. I mean, you know, it used to be that as it used to be that you're allowed to remain in the country as a student as long as you're in status. Right. As long as you're maintaining 12 credits. So theoretically, if you get your bachelor's degree, then your master's degree, then your PhD, and then you work, you can be here for several years. This new rule truncates that to four years. And so you don't get duration of status anymore. It, it cuts the grace period down to 30 days. So it does a lot to sort of eliminate the flexibility that students had to move between programs to change majors to do things like that. So, yeah, it is going to impact, I think, the pipeline for talent.

Speaker B: Well, yeah, it's essentially not great because, you know, if, if you are a student here and let's say you pick the wrong major and you're really good at engineering and you're not as good at finance. Right. Or you're not as passionate about it, you're kind of stuck. Right. You can't, you can't switch that, that, uh, major and go learn more.

Speaker A: You can, but it becomes, it becomes really, really hard to stay on track. In terms of what you want to do for your, for your opt. Planning. I think for employers the bigger problem is, you know, those F1s, when they're graduating, most likely they're going into entry level jobs. Right. Which means that the employer's going to be paying the lowest wage for those jobs, which means.

Speaker B: And they're not going to meet their criteria.

Speaker A: Yeah, yeah. So they're uh, you know, they have the least likely chance of getting for H1B. So we're bringing in all of these students every year and educating them. Sometimes half a million students a year, but there's only a spot for 65,000 of them. And even with that, only if they're being paid the highest wage. So the reality is the pathway for students is narrowing quite rapidly under this administration.

Speaker B: Right. And for the higher wage, you're going to have to be in a field like engineering.

Speaker A: Exactly. And so that's what employers are struggling with now.

Speaker B: Yeah. And graduating from one of the top tier schools.

Speaker A: Exactly.

Speaker B: Yeah, yeah, yeah. Uh, that, that sort of creates a, a bad dichotomy, you know, like have and have nots.

Speaker A: Yeah, I mean, I think, you know, we've all employers have always relied on that pipeline of talent, you know, and especially in engineering and tech, a lot of the foreign students are the ones that are studying in those fields. And so, you know, it'll be interesting to see how employers adapt. They do. Employers adapt, but we'll see how, what, what, how it impacts and plays off downstream.

Speaker B: Yeah. And what do you do you see like the uh, you know, there's so much talk, you know, within the government around AI and AI infrastructure and data centers and all the things that, you know, we're going to have to build to scale to the, the, the, to get all the benefits and realities of what AI is possible of in years to come. Do you see them thinking about being more flexible on some of these things or open, you know, like, are there people lobbying for, you know, change and difference? Um, with that in mind, I think so.

Speaker A: I mean, you know, one of the things that I think is going to happen very soon in the immigration space is electronic filing. Uh, right now everything that we file is paper based, which is, you know, think about thousands and thousands of applications. It's just, it's crazy that we do that. So I think once we go towards modernization and the government starting to accept electronic filing, I think that, you know, the pathway for AI companies to move into that and automatically adapt their systems is going to be really great. You know, I know what we know for right now is that the government is using AI, Right? They're using it in their adjudications. They're using it to read through cases before they go to court. So the government is using it in immigration cases, and, you know, it's just a matter of time between before most immigration attorneys are also utilizing it to make cases more efficient and effective.

Speaker B: Do you think they'll ever, like, change the limit of 65,000?

Speaker A: I don't know. I mean, I think getting anything done that, uh, requires a statutory fix and getting anything fixed in the statute is like a pipe dream. Right. Because once you open up that for H1BS, you're opening up the universe for other immigration changes. So if I'm being completely honest with you, after 30 years doing this, the answer is no, I don't think they'll ever change the 65,000 because it's, you

Speaker B: know, I think it's been at that for, a, uh, very long time.

Speaker A: Yeah, I mean, you know, it used to be that in certain categories, like, for example, you could, you could do returning workers. Right. If you had a returning worker, they were exempt from the cap. Congress let that provision sunset, so that went away. And so you can't rely on sort of returning workers to get around the cap. You only can rely on sort of the cap exempt cap exemptions. So, yeah, I mean, you know, it's a challenge. It's a problem. I think, you know, the future world, if you ask me, what makes most sense is we have the data, the granular data on a local level. The Bureau of Labor Statistics is able to crunch data on a local level and say, you know, in Silicon Valley, here are the jobs that we need. In, you know, rural Fort Morgan, Colorado, here are the jobs we need and allocate visas based on that. Right. So in areas where you need more H1BS, give more H1BS. In areas where you need more agriculture visas, give more agriculture visas. So making it real and not arbitrary is, to me, where we should be going is really, really responsive to the economy.

Speaker B: Well, yeah, and that, that makes perfect sense. Is there, uh, a desire to do that or. Not really.

Speaker A: Not really. I mean, I think a lot of the policy think tanks have proposed using, you know, BLS data to sort of drive immigration policy, but it hasn't, you know, sort of taken effect. And again, that would require a massive statutory change.

Speaker B: Right, right. Which isn't likely gonna happen. So. Fascinating, but okay, so. So you spend your career doing this. You're, you're helping people at a very Special time in their lives. You know, when, when I ran HR at Netflix, I. I originally actually started out, um, at Netflix running all of recruiting. So many people on this show know that that's where my roots are. And the immigration process was always. I always looked at it from a human perspective and, you know, if I was going through this, what would I want that experience to be? And I had seen many companies not take as much care and not have as much transparency maybe around the process. And for me, I wanted to not only make it a great experience, even though you're having to do all of this paperwork and all of these things, but also make it easy. And then by doing that, the added bonus was that because we did this really well and we were very flexible about it, uh, we didn't have sort of like, you had to be, you know, at the company. You had to be at the company for a very short amount of time to. For us to start this process. It was actually a competitive advantage at the end of the day for us in getting talent because we were so willing to be flexible and thinking outside the box. And, you know, if the H1B cap had been reached, we would be creative about other visas we could potentially get and, oh, uh, 1s and, you know, and so forth and so forth. But it really was, I think, an important part of our strategy. And I think there's probably lots of other companies that believe the same way. But I had seen, unfortunately, a lot of companies who didn't put enough thinking and effort around what they really wanted that experience to be. Do you see the same, uh, out there in the world, or are companies, maybe they are taking it as seriously as I did?

Speaker A: Yeah, I mean, there's a reason you were extraordinarily successful in your job because you did see it as a human experience, not just as sort of a corollary task that you have to do in your HR function. Right. Because I think that most foreign nationals going through this process see immigration as one of their benefits. Just like retirement and health insurance. The company's treatment of them and how they handle their immigration is, to them as important as those other types of benefits. Right. So really working with your immigration council, uh, to give you sort of really good guidance about knowing your company, knowing your company's values, knowing how they prioritize budgets, etc. And then really working with the global mobility managers and in house counsel to structure portfolios and programs in immigration that are focused on recruitment, retention, keeping that talent. Right. Because the truth is, it's Easy on an H1B to port to a different employer. Right. You can start work for a new employer on the filing of the application. So we really want to keep that talent in house. And the best way to do that is to have really good proactive immigrant friendly sponsorship policy. So that can include things like, you know, we'll pay for premium processing, we'll sponsor dependents.

Speaker B: We did all of those things.

Speaker A: Yeah. We won't wait a year for your green card. You know, we'll sponsor you faster if you don't get selected by the H. We'll look at maybe sending you abroad for a year and maybe bringing you back in on an L. Right. So sort of creative solutions m that keep people on the payroll rather than make them feel like an outsider.

Speaker B: Yeah. And I think, you know, because as we talked about, the policies are kind of always changing this. You know, they don't want to get thrown out of the country, they want to stay here. They want to be productive. They want to, you know, they want to make a living and take care of their families. Like it's. And, and so having not to worry about anything, I think, and you just take that, that worry away. It's, it's such a relief to people. And, and that, that, I think, builds a level of trust with that person, a sense of loyalty with that person. And again, at the end of the day, you, you just. I, I always think about no matter, you know, whether it's immigration or whatever an employee journey is going through, it's, it's that experience. They're all humans. And as humans, we all have things going on in our life. And if we can build an infrastructure that allows, not worry about things that you can kind of take off their plate, and then that way they can be more productive and contribute more and be happy when they're stressed out about all these other things, that adds friction into the system that is unnecessary and it's a big distraction. And it takes, you know, not to say we want people working all the time, but it distracts them from work.

Speaker A: Yeah. My favorite cases are the ones where I'm working with an employer. You know, we bring on an F1 student in OPT, we get them an H1B, they get selected in the lottery, we get them an H1B, we start their green card process, we get them a green card for them and their family, and then five years later, we're getting them their citizenship. And you know, being able to go through the entire immigration journey with somebody from student to citizen is something that very few people get to do. And it's so rewarding. You know, uh, in those cases where I've done that, I always go to their citizenship interviews because it's so cool to be there at that moment when, you know, for them, it's one of the greatest moments of their lives. And to be there on the journey with them and to be able to watch it happen is. It's really rewarding as a lawyer.

Speaker B: Yeah. Well, let's talk a little bit about Manifest. I want to talk about this company because I'm actually, you know, I'm, uh, not just excited because you. You guys are a sponsor of the show. I'm just excited as someone that has had to work with immigration for my entire career, that now there is a company that is disrupting how things are being done. And it just. I can't think of anyone that really kind of disrupted immigration. At least in my career. It's always just been the same. And you work with this law firm, or you work with this law firm that's bigger, or this one that's more boutique. And, uh, you know, you try to get the best law firm that you can, but you guys are really taking, uh, a, uh, different look at it. And it's, I think, going to be not only extremely helpful for people that are going through immigration, but extremely helpful to the corporations that you're working with.

Speaker A: Yeah. So, you know, Manifest is built on a very different model. You know, the traditional law firm model, especially in immigration, Generally, you have one attorney, four paralegals. Right. work on. On a client or a case. And the profits sort of flow up, they trickle up. Right. So when you make money on a case, the people that make the most money on it are the equity partners. They're the ones that share. And the profits. Well, when you have that. And that's always been the way that law firms have been set up, not just immigration, but all law firms historically have been set up on this sort of equity partner model. But the problem with that model is when the partners are taking the profits, there's very little incentive to invest in things like technology. Right. And that's been fine historically, but now where technology is moving at the pace that it is, that inability to invest in the infrastructure is going to be problematic for law firms. Because, you know, number one, if you're relying on human beings to do the work, you have to have real estate. So when you have headcount and real estate, that cost gets passed on to the client. Right. And the Manifest model is built around disruption, where we don't have equity partners, we don't have owners that are getting profits, distribution. Rather, the lawyers have shares in the company itself. So there's every investment to reinvest back into the company and into the technology. And we are letting the technology do the work, the production based work of the paralegals. So we don't have the headcount and we're fully remote, so we don't have the real estate. So all of those costs are getting passed on to the client. Uh, we're able to lower costs, which means we're able to increase access to justice and provide more individual representation to immigrants outside of the B2B context and the B2C context. So for many reasons, we're lowering costs, we're expanding access to services, and we're creating a world where lawyers get to really be lawyers. Right. They're not doing all the tasks and the administrative stuff. They're really holding the client's hand through the process, providing a lot of compassion and empathy. In a world where we're taking on a lot of the front end and back end administrative functions of a lawyer, we're not bogging them down with that. So they're able to really do the complex thinking and hand holding and compassion based work that immigration requires. And so it ends up being a more rewarding job for lawyers, which means that we're able to, you know, attract really good talent to do the work.

Speaker B: Yeah, and so is that, is that sort of the reasons a lawyer will want to work on your platform is because they have the ability to be the lawyer they always wanted to be versus the lawyer that they have to be, which is, you know, bogged down in paperwork and process.

Speaker A: Yeah, I think there's a lot of reasons why lawyers are choosing a manifest model. Number one is, you know, we have alternate pathways to leaders, leadership. Um, we're not just the traditional equity partner of pathway. You know, we have a very flat leadership model where everybody's sort of a team. And so, uh, that's very attractive. But I also think, you know, we have alternate ways of paying lawyers because you can have ownership in the company that's not, you know, traditional.

Speaker B: So not just the job itself. If you're at Fragaman, you're not an owner in that firm.

Speaker A: Exactly right. And here every lawyer can be an owner or part of the process. So. So, um, I think there's a lot of reasons why people are choosing it, but I think the main one is that it's just a different way of life. It's just a Different way of practicing law. And it's much more attractive to feel like a lawyer rather than a platform operator.

Speaker B: Right, exactly. And then I think you mentioned also that the platform isn't just for B2B but if I'm an individual and I'm needing immigration help, I can go to manifestos and get that help.

Speaker A: Yeah. Actually Manifest started as a B2C business. They were very intentional about, you know, before we go start representing big companies, let's, let's make sure we can do it the right way. So they started out representing individuals and they, they really saw a need for alternatives to H1BS. Right. For people that got shut out from the 65,000 number. So they really marketed first towards what we call 01s extraordinary ability. EB1 self petitions and national interest waivers. And they had an extraordinary success rate because the AI was iter. It learned as it filed applications, it learned kind of what evidence the government liked, what evidence the government didn't like and it iterated on that. So as cases got filed, the approval rates went up. Those employees ended up getting embedded in companies and those companies started picking up the phone saying we want Manifest to do our immigration work. So that's how we built out our small and medium sized business pipeline. And recently now we're being invited to you know, the big leagues. We with some of the big players. So we've scaled very quickly but we've done it intentionally and correctly and the right way. So.

Speaker B: Yeah, well, I mean it is true. I'm like as you were saying that I was thinking back on filing the 01s that I helped file and generally these were with really very senior candidates and we were really trying to get them here because we needed them to fulfill a um, niche sort of business strategy that we were trying to, to, to figure out internally. And uh, and it was true like they had, they had to be written a certain way but that, that was really just relayed based on the experience of the lawyer and what they had seen. And they had only seen the amount of cases that they had seen. So you know. And then AI sees all the cases.

Speaker A: Exactly.

Speaker B: Yeah.

Speaker A: That's pretty cool. Having having a paralegal that's not only able to put, you know. And uh, when I say paralegal I mean I'm putting that in quotes. Cause it's really the AI but having an AI native paralegal that's able to kind of not only put the case together but learn from past cases and iterate. It is revolutionary. Right. Because what that means is Approval rates just go up, your, your chances of success go up. It also means that we can predict your success at the outset of a case based on the evidence you submit. Right. So we can give you a good assessment and say, yeah, let's go for no, you probably need to go out and get some more evidence and then we'll refile.

Speaker B: Right, Right. Ah. Uh, that's so exciting. I, you know, I don't know if everybody else is like as geeky as I am on this stuff, but it's really, it's really fascinating and interesting and again, as a business, it's, it's, it's a, you have, you need this. And then as an employee, this is such a great benefit to have. Right. Like, yeah, I don't know, I'm just excited that you guys are making the whole process this better and, and, and that it's more adaptive and you're learning case by case so much faster. Right. At the speed of light versus like the speed of a human.

Speaker A: Yeah. And from an HR perspective, you know, I think about when I was managing massive global programs, kind of what the heartaches were for our in house professionals. And one of those was escalations. Right. Foreign nationals who are just not happy. Either they there was a deadline missed or the forms are wrong or whatever. The escalation that ends up falling on the global mobility manager's desk. One of the things we're trying to do is prevent that from happening, prevent those escalations from happening. And we use AI to do that. So one of the coolest things that I've seen, uh, that we've laid out for a client is what we're calling our sentiment meter. So the AI actually reads the communication between the legal team and the foreign nationals and it pulls out emotion words. So it's looking for things like anxious or you know, any word that shows like the sentiments of the clients are going up and down and it alerts the HR managers proactively so that they can talk to the legal team and say, you know, so and so is feeling really anxious. Can you reach out? So it's those kind of things that we can use AI to do that make the human experience so much better, but also prevent escalations in, you know, in the companies internally.

Speaker B: Yeah, yeah. And just from a competitive perspective, I haven't seen this. But, but you, you are in the industry so you might know better than I, but some of the, the firms that you would normally work for, especially if you're a larger corporation, like Netflix was, you know, we worked with Fragment and other firms that are quite large. I know that they are doing, um, you know, some of them, maybe not all of them, but some of them are figuring out how to bring AI into their organizations. But I don't think any of that are where you are. And also they probably are sort of buying different tools that help here and there because they don't have internal engineering teams that can build out these types of things. So like, from a competitive perspective, how is Manifest positioned against sort of a traditional law firm or even some of these other AI companies that are, uh, you know, focusing on legal as, you know, their, their business segment?

Speaker A: Yeah. So the truth is every law firm that's in immigration space is going to have to adopt AI. There's no question about it. The question is how they adopt it. And you're correct that I think most, the model that most firms are using is by purchasing third party platforms. Right. Uh, and operating on third party platforms. Which works. It works. The problem is that to get all of the functionality that you want out of those third party platforms, you have to have different integrations. You have to have an integration for financ, you have to have an integration for onboarding, you have to have an integration for hr. So everything requires a different plugin and those plugins don't often play well together. Right. So trying to get the system to coordinate, trying to look like it's a consistent experience for the employee. Right. When you're logging into that system, no matter where you are in the world, it's the same. But more importantly, Congress changes every Friday. There's a new memo that comes out every Friday, usually at 5pm on a long weekend. And we have to adapt. Right. We have to adapt our systems, we have to adapt our forms. We can do that instantaneously when we have an in team, in house team that's doing the engineering. If you have to outsource that, you pay for it. But you also, it takes, you know, potentially months to engineer the kind of changes that need to happen more instantaneously. So it can, you can do it. It's just, it's, it's going to be clunky to try and get it done if it's not in house and native.

Speaker B: Right, right. And the cool thing is everything you're doing is native.

Speaker A: Yeah.

Speaker B: And yes. So I'm just so excited about manifestos and um, I hope my listeners are uh, too. Listen, if you, you know a company and you're looking for an immigration firm to work with, I think you should certainly Consider manifest not only because they're AI native, but because the experience is going to be ultimately better for your employees, which is really the goal. The goal is to make that experience as elegant and as frictionless as possible so that they can feel good about being part of your company and focusing on work and not focusing on these other things. And at the end of the day, say, it's a hard talent market out there, and if you want to be competitive, this is something that you need to have, and you need to have it done well. So, Jeff, thank you for coming on the show. I, uh, I know the listeners are. Are going to. To love this. And also, if you are someone who needs just immigration as a. As a person, go check out manifest, because clearly they can help you. I always put our guest on the spot, Jeff, and I. I know. Well, get ready. I always ask our guests to leave us with something inspiring. So what would you like to leave the listeners with today?

Speaker A: I mean, I think, you know, for me, there's a lot of noise around immigration. There's a lot of, you know, opinions around immigration. Uh, but at the end of the day, I think we all know somebody that's an immigrant and been touched by immigration and just keeping those stories in mind that no matter, you know, where you stand on the political divide about immigran immigration, that you have in some way in your life been touched by an immigrant. And to remember those stories and keep it in mind and to approach. Approach it that way, but also just to approach life that way that, you know, at the. At the end of every other conversation as a human being.

Speaker B: So that's so true. That made me feel good. And yes, go out there and be nice to each other. Okay.

Speaker A: Right.

Speaker B: Be good humans. That's all we ask. All right, well, Jeff, thank you so much for coming on the show. I. I loved our conversation, and I'm so excited that you and I can't wait to see what happens in the next few years with your platform, because I know it's just going to get better than it is right now.

Speaker A: Well, thank you, Jessica, for the invitation and opportunity. I really enjoyed talking with you.

Speaker C: Thanks for listening to truthworks.

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